Distinguish between software errors, software faults and software failures. Give an appropriate live example to differentiate.

Introduction to Error, Defect, and Failure

Let’s try to understand the inter-relation between Error, Defect, and Failure:

It is well said by Thomas Muller “A person can make an error (mistake), which produces a defect (fault, bug) in the code, in software or a system, or a document. If the execution of the defect in code happens, the system will fail to do what it should do (or something it shouldn’t), which causes a failure.”

 Fault : It is a condition that causes the software to fail to perform its required function.

Error : Refers to difference between Actual Output and Expected output.

Failure : It is the inability of a system or component to perform required function according to its specification.

IEEE Definitions

Failure: External behavior is incorrect

Fault: Discrepancy in code that causes a failure.

Error: Human mistake that caused fault

Note:

Error is terminology of Developer.

Bug is terminology of Tester

What is Quality? How quality is related to testing?

 What Is Quality Assurance?

Quality assurance is a way to avoid mistakes in the project’s product or service, and thus prevent problems for your stakeholders. It’s the part of quality management that focuses on maintaining the integrity of the product or service, which gives stakeholders the confidence that their quality requirements will be met. It is, therefore, a foundational pillar of project management.

The Difference Between Quality Assurance and Quality Control

The difference between quality assurance and quality control is subtle but significant, although both terms are often used interchangeably to describe the quality management of the project’s product or service.

The difference is a matter of where the focus occurs in a project. Quality control is more concerned with quality earlier in the project process. Assurance, though, is more about the implementation of inspection and structured testing throughout every phase of the project.

Quality Assurance Approaches

• Failure Testing: Also referred to as stress testing, failure testing is a way to push a product to its limits by increasing vibration, temperature, humidity, etc., to expose inherent weaknesses, and then use those findings to improve the product to uphold a higher standard.
• Statistical Control: This type of quality assurance is based on analyses of objective and subjective data to track quality data, and then chart it against a common cause variance.
• Total Quality Management: Here the quality of the product is dependent on the participating constituents, some sustainable and controllable, others not. If the specification does not match its true quality requirements, then the quality is not guaranteed.
• Models and Standards: This is an international standard that has general requirements for competence. There are tests to carry out, 15 management requirements and 10 technical requirements, in a laboratory that is accredited.
• Company Quality: This concept came about in the 1980s and focuses on all departments approaching quality lead by management to develop a quality improvement process. This is done through controls, job management, process, performance, knowledge, skills and experience, integrity, confidence and infrastructure.

5 Popular Mobile Ad Networks For App Monetization 

Many ad networks in the markets are available today. What Does Mobile Advertising Networks Do? They collect advertisements by advertisers and sell it to app publishers and developers. Advertising networks come together with advertising publishers and advertisers. They help advertisers find advertising space and app publishers, and developers can monetize their applications by selling space in their applications. Mobile ad networks collect advertising inventory from various publisher sites. The choice of ad inventory may be based on various parameters determined by the advertising network. The mobile advertising network works as web / ad servers. They take advertising requests that originate from mobile devices and offer advertising responses consistent with those requests.

Let's now look at some advertising networks. You can choose the one that best suits your interests.

# 1 Chartboost

If you are a game application editor, you should definitely try Chartboost to better monetize your application. It is an ad platform only for mobile devices that focuses primarily on players. It stands out in the cross-promotion of applications and its ads focus on fostering the installation of new gaming applications. Game application publishers opt for Chartboost to keep their user base together. Publishers choose to promote their new gaming applications in existing gaming applications. Users look for new and fun alternatives and application publishers need to promote their new games and boost their facilities; Chartboost receives a cut: everyone wins. The platform provides you with analysis and you can get a lot of knowledge on how to improve your campaigns by analyzing the data. The developers get direct access to the data generated by Chartboost. The integration with Chartboost SDK is very easy. Chartboost allows you to see who advertises in your application and where: the place. You control the ads that users of your application can see.

Campaign Type: CPC, CPI, CPCV, CPM

Supported Ad formats: Interstitial, Video and Native Ad.

Supported Platforms: iOS, Android, Unity, Cocos2dx, Wp8, Amazon, Air

Minimum Payout: $75

Payment Terms: NET 45

WebLink:  https://www.chartboost.com/

#2  Admob

Google's AdMob is one of the most popular mobile ad networks with cross platform capability. Over 1 million apps use AdMob and it is popular because of its high CPM and best fill rates. It is industry leading mediation platform. When you mediate from AdMob you get added advantage of over 40 third party ad networks that will help you maximize your fill rates and then increase your earnings. You can optimize the AdMob network and generate the highest CPM from your mediation stack in real time. It is very easy to use. Even if you are starting with app monetization, it is advisable to use its different tools and solutions. You can cross sell your other apps or those of your friends to your existing users.

Campaign Type: CPC, CPM, CPI

Supported Ad formats: Interstitial, Native, Trueview, Banner, Lightbox, Video

Supported Platforms: iOS, Android, Unity, Cocos2dx, Wp8

Minimum Payout: $100

Payout Terms: NET 21

WebLink: https://www.google.com/admob/

#3 Unity Ads

Unity Ads is a pioneer. It made video ads to natural part of the game. Its rewarded video strategy is changing the dynamics in the industry. No one thought of engaging the whole player base of an app before Unity. Unity makes ads to natural part of the games. Developers monetize entire player base with rewarded videos. Today Unity is one of the most trusted companies in gaming which is supported by a network of more than 1B gamers. If Unity engine is already used in apps there is no need for adding the SDK. As a natural part of the gameplay, ads drive ARPU and contribute to the bigger goal - greater lifetime value (LTV) of the player.

Campaign Type: CPC, CPI, CPCV

Supported Ad format: Videos – Rewarded and Non-Rewarded

Supported Platforms: iOS, Android

Minimum Payout: $100

Payment Terms: NET 30

WebLink: https://unity3d.com/unity/features/ads

#4 Facebook Audience Network

With the help of Facebook Audience Network the advertisers can extend their campaigns beyond Facebook into other mobile apps. The Audience Network is a collection of mobile apps where Facebook advertisers serve ads in the mobile that have Facebook app using the same analytical and targeting tools of Facebook. Facebook uses the same native ad products in Facebook Audience Network to deliver superior results. You as an advertiser can run your Facebook ads on the Audience Network by enabling "Audience Network" in the placement section while creating or editing an ad. It pays both on clicks and impressions. Facebook Audience Network however does not provide a list of advertisers. It now boasts of more than 3 million global advertisers.

Campaign Type: CPC, CPI, CPM

Supported Ad format: Banners, Interstitial and Native Ads

Supported Platforms: iOS, Android

Minimum Payout: $100

Payment Terms: NET 21

Website: https://www.facebook.com/audiencenetwork

#5 Leadbolt

Leadbolt is a leading mobile ad network that provides advanced partner technology match along dynamic ad delivery. It allows mobile advertisers to reach and acquire quality users at scale. Leadbolt has analytics based algorithms that can assist advertisers with advanced targeting to help the best fit audience engage optimally with Leadbolt. It is known for dealing with premium ads. Its analytical capabilities are real time and help the advertisers with optimization on different platforms. It provides app engagement data which helps the developers ensure that the advertisements shown are not sea the user engagement experience. Publishers connect directly to premium advertising partners through Direct Deals Marketplace. It helps with app downloads. It has high fill rates.

Campaign Type: CPC, CPI, CPM

Supported Ad Format: Banners, Interstitial, Native Ads, Offerwall, Rewarded Video

Supported Platform: Android, iOS

Minimum Payout: $100

Payment Terms: NET 15

WebLink: https://www.leadbolt.com/

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